Acne is a common skin condition characterized by the presence of inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions, primarily affecting the pilosebaceous units of the skin. It typically manifests during adolescence but can persist into adulthood.
 

The development of acne involves a multifactorial process



Sebaceous Gland Activity
Increased sebum production is stimulated by androgens (male hormones) during puberty, leading to the overactivity of sebaceous glands.


 Follicular Hyperkeratinization
Abnormal shedding of keratinocytes within hair follicles results in the formation of keratin plugs, obstructing the follicular opening and contributing to comedone formation (open or closed).
 

Bacterial Proliferation
The blocked follicle creates an anaerobic environment conducive to the proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes (now known as Cutibacterium acnes), a bacteria normally present on the skin. This leads to the release of inflammatory mediators.


Inflammation
The immune response to bacterial colonization and sebum accumulation results in the inflammatory response, leading to the formation of papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts.
 



Risk Factors

• Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations during puberty, menstruation, or hormonal disorders.
 
• Genetics: Family history of acne can increase susceptibility.

• Diet: Certain diets high in carbohydrates and dairy may exacerbate acne in some individuals.
 
• Cosmetic Products: Use of comedogenic products can contribute to the formation of lesions.
 
• Environmental Factors: High humidity, pollution, and certain occupations may influence acne severity.




Acne is a complex skin condition resulting from increased sebaceous gland activity, follicular hyperkeratinization, bacterial proliferation, and inflammatory responses. Its management requires a tailored approach based on the severity of the condition and individual patient factors.
At Aura Clinic, we believe that early intervention is crucial to prevent scarring and long-term psychological effects associated with acne.